The Erzurum Offensive was a critical military operation initiated by Imperial Russia in an effort to capitalize on the weakened state of the Ottoman Empire amid World War I. Conducted in the Eastern Anatolia region, the offensive sought to push into Ottoman territory, aiming primarily at Erzurum, a strategically vital city with logistical importance for the Ottomans. Russian forces, commanded by General Nikolai Yudenich, sought to apply pressure on the Ottoman Third Army, which was already stretched thin due to previous battles and resource shortages.

As Russian troops advanced, they faced both harsh weather conditions and rugged terrain, which tested their resolve and capabilities. One of the most notable aspects of the Erzurum Offensive was the effective use of artillery and the element of surprise, which allowed the Russian troops to achieve significant breakthroughs. By employing effective reconnaissance and support strategies, the Russians succeeded in capturing Erzurum in early 1916, leading to the scattering of Ottoman forces in the region.

The successful execution of the Erzurum Offensive not only showcased Russian military prowess at that time but also contributed to shifting the balance of power in the Caucasus area, further pressuring the Ottoman Empire. Additionally, this offensive had long-lasting implications on the morale of Central Powers and their operational capacities as the war drew on, establishing Russia's presence in the region more firmly. The capture of Erzurum became instrumental in the subsequent military endeavors by the Allies in the Middle Eastern theatre of the war.