The transition from the Western Han dynasty to the Xin dynasty was a crucial turning point in Chinese history, occurring under the leadership of Wang Mang. As a high official and regent, Wang Mang had garnered considerable influence and support due to his reformist ideas aimed at alleviating social and economic inequities. He believed that the Han dynasty had become corrupt and ineffective, failing to adhere to the principles of good governance as mandated by Heaven. In claiming the Mandate of Heaven, Wang Mang argued that change was essential for restoring order and morality in the empire.

On this day, Wang Mang officially declared the beginning of the Xin dynasty, a move that was both celebrated and contested among various factions within the empire. He positioned himself not merely as a usurper of power, but as a legitimate ruler chosen by divine will. The proclamation came amidst various social unrests and challenges to the imperial authority, which Wang sought to harness to consolidate his power. His reforms included land redistribution and the revival of ancient traditions, reflecting his vision for a more equitable society.

Despite initial success, Wang Mang's reign was characterized by persistent resistance and challenges. The ambitious reforms did not achieve the intended results, and discontent among the populace grew. The Xin dynasty faced numerous rebellions, further complicating Wang's efforts to stabilize his rule. History would soon record the collapse of the Xin dynasty, leading to the restoration of the Han dynasty, which highlighted the complexities of governance, legitimacy, and the divine right to rule within the context of Chinese imperial history.