After a prolonged conflict rooted in linguistic, cultural, and economic discrimination, East Pakistan, which was geographically separated from West Pakistan by India, secured its independence and became Bangladesh. This significant change occurred after the Liberation War that culminated in December 1971, when the Mukti Bahini (Liberation Army) fought against the military of West Pakistan. The nine-month war resulted in severe humanitarian crises, leading to the declaration of independence for Bangladesh. In the aftermath, the country faced the immense challenges of rebuilding a war-torn society and establishing governance. On November 1, 1972, the new leadership officially adopted the name 'Bangladesh,' meaning 'Land of Bengal,' signifying not only a territorial claim but also reaffirming the cultural and linguistic identity of its people. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the country's first President, emphasized this renaming as a reconciliation of past grievances and an assertion of self-identity on the international stage. The government initiated several reforms aiming to unify the diverse groups within the country and cultivate a shared national identity. Officials sought international recognition for the new republic, further consolidating its sovereignty and demonstrating its resolve as a new player in international affairs.