The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, saw a struggle between the Nigerian government and the southeastern region demanding independence as the Republic of Biafra. Triggered by ethnic tensions, the conflict escalated after a coup and subsequent counter-coup in 1966, leading to a quest for self-determination by the Igbos of Biafra. In 1967, Biafra declared its independence, igniting a full-scale civil war characterized by severe humanitarian crises, including famine that claimed millions of lives. After years of fierce fighting and significant military campaigns, the geopolitical landscape shifted as international attention grew due to the living conditions in Biafra. On January 12, 1970, Major General Philip Effiong’s announcement of Biafra's surrender in Lagos marked an official end to the fighting, as he accepted Nigerian sovereignty under General Yakubu Gowon's government. This moment not only led to the reallocation of resources but also initiated a long and challenging process of national reconciliation in Nigeria.