The earthquake that struck Haiti was centered just southwest of its capital, Port-au-Prince, causing unparalleled devastation throughout the region. Measuring 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale, the quake occurred at a depth of about 13 kilometers (8.1 miles) at 4:53 PM local time. This shallow depth contributed to the considerable damage observed, as seismic waves affected a populated area with many structures not designed to endure such intense shaking. Reports indicate that hundreds of thousands of buildings were destroyed or significantly damaged, which included homes, schools, hospitals, and key infrastructure like roads and bridges.

Rescue operations began almost immediately, but the sheer scale of destruction meant that aid was slow to arrive. The aftermath saw a humanitarian disaster unfold, marked by thousands trapped in the rubble, widespread panic, and a lack of essential resources like food, water, and medical supplies. The international community quickly mobilized, sending rescue teams, medical assistance, and financial donations. However, logistical challenges, ensuing aftershocks, and the densely populated conditions hampered these efforts significantly.

In the months that followed, recovery efforts were implemented, leading to a complex rebuilding process that was marred by political, social, and economic issues. The earthquake not only highlighted the vulnerability of Haiti to natural disasters but also brought to light the country's longstanding struggles with poverty and governance. The event remains one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history, reshaping the landscape of humanitarian response and international aid in the region.