Amidst the backdrop of increasing communal tensions in South Asia, Calcutta was engulfed in anti-Muslim riots. The unrest was a reaction to the anti-Hindu violence occurring in East Pakistan, which sparked fear and anger among the Hindu population in Calcutta. The riots broke out on January 13, 1964, fueled by deep-seated grievances and a deteriorating socio-political climate. The violence saw mobs targeting Muslim neighborhoods, resulting in significant loss of life and property. The clashes led to the deaths of around one hundred individuals, with many others injured in the turmoil. The state machinery struggled to contain the rapidly escalating violence, resulting in widespread panic and disruption. Local authorities rushed to impose curfew and bring in law enforcement to restore order. However, the deep-rooted animosities and mistrust between communities posed significant challenges. The events not only affected the immediate area but also had ramifications throughout West Bengal as tensions flared across different regions. The riots were symptomatic of the broader sectarian conflicts plaguing India and Pakistan during this era, illustrating the difficulties of post-colonial nation-building amidst diverse religious communities. In the aftermath, both the central and state governments faced criticism for their inability to prevent the violence, and calls for communal harmony resonated in public discourse. The events in Calcutta exemplified the precarious balance of communal relations in India during the 1960s, a period marked by numerous instances of sectarian violence. These riots were a stark reminder of the unresolved issues stemming from the partition of India in 1947, showcasing the ongoing struggle for coexistence between Hindus and Muslims.