On January 13, 2001, a significant earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale struck near the coast of El Salvador. The quake's epicenter was located off the Pacific coast, approximately 70 kilometers east of San Salvador, the capital of the country. At the time it struck, many residents were in their homes, and the early morning timing contributed to the high number of casualties. The earthquake caused massive landslides and the collapse of numerous buildings, including schools and hospitals. Roads were blocked, complicating immediate rescue efforts.

In the wake of the earthquake, the government of El Salvador declared a state of emergency, and emergency responders rushed to the hardest-hit areas. Rescue teams, along with fire and police units, worked tirelessly to locate survivors trapped under rubble. International aid poured in from various countries, as well as non-governmental organizations, which provided medical assistance, food, and temporary shelter to thousands displaced by the disaster.

The earthquake brought to light the country's vulnerabilities, especially in housing construction standards and disaster preparedness. The areas affected faced long-term challenges related to rebuilding and recovery, including mental health support for survivors. As the country began the arduous process of recovery, international attention focused on the needs of El Salvador, leading to a broader discussion on disaster resilience in Central America.