The Third Battle of Panipat took place near the town of Panipat in 1761, marking a pivotal moment in Indian military history. Following earlier conflicts, the Marathas aspired to establish themselves as the dominant power in India, while Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali, sought to reclaim his influence over the region. The Maratha leader, Sadashivrao Bhau, gathered a vast army comprising soldiers from various states, demonstrating the empire's military strength and ambition.

As the armies met on the battlefield, the Marathas faced logistical challenges and tactical disadvantages against the Afghans, who utilized effective strategies including guerilla tactics and effective cavalry maneuvers. The battle spanned over several hours, with intense hand-to-hand combat leading to considerable losses on both sides. Despite their superior numbers, the Marathas struggled against Durrani’s well-coordinated forces. The conflict concluded with a decisive victory for the Afghans, significantly weakening the Maratha Empire and altering the power dynamics in Northern India.

The aftermath of the battle left devastating repercussions for the Marathas, with heavy casualties that included many prominent leaders. This defeat led to a temporary decline of the Maratha influence and opened the door for other regional powers to emerge. Furthermore, it instigated various social and political repercussions, cementing Ahmad Shah Durrani’s reputation as a formidable leader in the region. The battle is often regarded as one of the largest and bloodiest in the 18th century, with casualties estimated in the tens of thousands, marking its significance in the context of Indian history.