The Casablanca Conference was a significant strategic meeting held during World War II, attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom. Taking place in Casablanca, Morocco, from January 14 to January 24, the conference represented a crucial moment in Allied collaboration. The leaders aimed to discuss military strategy, upcoming operations, and the broader goals of the war against the Axis powers, which included Germany, Italy, and Japan, among others.

One of the central themes that emerged from the conference was the agreement on the principle of 'unconditional surrender' of Axis powers. This concept was meant to prevent any negotiations that could lead to a compromise peace and ensure that the Axis nations could not retain power after their defeat. The term was controversial and sparked some debate among military leaders and political figures. The unconditional surrender policy underscored the commitment of the Allies to fight until total victory, which was designed to bolster Allied morale and deter Axis hope.

Beyond the rhetoric of surrender, the conference involved extensive discussions on military operations, including the decision to focus on the Mediterranean Theater and the potential invasion of Italy. The leaders also coordinated their strategies for ongoing campaigns and detailed plans for enhancing the effectiveness of joint operations against German and Italian forces. The presence of other military leaders, such as General Henry Maitland Wilson and General Dwight D. Eisenhower, contributed valuable strategic insights, reinforcing the collaborative nature of the discussions.