The Falastin newspaper was established in Jaffa, a key port city in the Ottoman Empire and a center for Palestinian culture at the time. Ameen Rihani, a notable scholar and journalist, took on the role of editor-in-chief. With its first issue, Falastin sought to articulate the concerns and aspirations of Palestinians, particularly in the context of rising nationalist sentiments across the Arab world. The newspaper provided coverage of local, regional, and international news, while also featuring articles on culture, education, and social issues, catering to an audience eager for engagement with the pressing political realities of the day.

With its Arabic-language content, Falastin played a crucial role in fostering a shared national identity among Palestinians. In an era marked by the decline of Ottoman authority and the increasing pressures from European colonial powers, the newspaper facilitated discussions around the importance of unity and self-determination among the Arab population. It became a voice for various political movements and thinkers, advocating for reform and addressing injustices.

During its publication, Falastin faced challenges including censorship and political suppression, yet it managed to maintain a strong readership and influence. The newspaper's legacy continues to be felt in contemporary Palestinian media and discourse.