Muammar Gaddafi emerged as a central figure in Libya's political landscape following his leading role in the successful coup d'état on September 1, 1969, which displaced King Idris I. By January 15, 1970, he had been officially proclaimed the Premier of Libya. His ideological framework, known as the Third International Theory, sought to establish a form of governance distinct from both capitalism and socialism. Gaddafi deeply influenced Libya's domestic policies and foreign relations, particularly in his commitment to Arab nationalism and anti-colonialism. His leadership style was characterized by a mix of populism and authoritarianism, often intertwining with his vision of a 'people's state'.During Gaddafi's early years in power, he began implementing social reforms, such as nationalizing various sectors, including oil, which would create a substantial revenue stream for the nation. Simultaneously, he promoted a culture of political participation among citizens, albeit under a regime that stifled dissent. The creation of the Revolutionary Command Council and local people's committees were integral to his governance approach. Gaddafi also sought external influence through the establishment of the Organization of African Unity, targeting pan-Africanism. Throughout this period, tensions grew both domestically and internationally as Gaddafi's radical policies drew criticism from Western powers, which viewed him as a destabilizing figure in North Africa and the Middle East.