Pope Gregory XI, originally from the French city of Avignon, faced immense challenges and the complexities of the geopolitical landscape of Europe during the late 14th century. The Papacy had been residing in Avignon since 1309, a period known as the Avignon Papacy, during which seven successive popes ruled from France, leading to significant tension and dissent within the Catholic Church in Italy and beyond. With growing pressure from Roman citizens and political factions, coupled with visions of a united Christendom in the wake of the Black Death, Gregory XI made the bold decision to return to Rome. His journey was fraught with challenges, including threats to his safety and opposition from various factions who preferred the Papacy to remain in Avignon, primarily due to the political and economic advantages it provided. On his arrival in Rome, Gregory XI was greeted with enthusiasm by the citizens, who saw this move as a sign of hope and restoration for the city's spiritual authority. This act signified a pivotal shift, especially as it sowed the seeds for future conflicts, namely the Western Schism, which would further divide the Church.