Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in the Philippines in 1972, wielding extraordinary powers that significantly repressed political dissent and civil liberties. The regime lasted until January 17, 1981, when Marcos announced the official lifting of martial law, claiming it was no longer necessary. This decision was influenced by various factors including domestic pressures, increasing opposition movements, and economic challenges facing the nation. Marcos aimed to project an image of democratic reform ahead of internationally significant events, such as the Philippines' participation in regional and global economic discussions.

The lifting of martial law coincided with Marcos' efforts to strengthen his hold on power by undergoing a perceived transition to democracy. This included the reopening of political parties and the lifting of media censorship. However, the supposed democratic reforms didn't eliminate the substantial political and civil rights abuses that continued under his rule. The opposition remained active, and many Filipinos remained wary of Marcos’ intentions, which were seen as a facade for continued control.

While Marcos claimed that lifting martial law would usher in an era of change, the realities on the ground painted a different picture. Many of the underlying issues that had prompted the declaration of martial law persisted, including widespread poverty and inequality. The lifting was also met with mixed reactions from the populace, some of whom were relieved at the return of certain freedoms, while others doubted the sincerity of Marcos' commitment to genuine reform. This period would eventually lead towards more significant political transformations in the coming years, contributing to later events such as the People Power Revolution in 1986.