The Great Hanshin earthquake, also known as the Kobe earthquake, occurred in the early hours, causing widespread devastation in southern Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 6.9 Mw and was particularly notable for its maximum Shindo intensity of 7, which indicated severe shaking. The epicenter was located near Awaji Island, and its effects were felt as far away as Tokyo. The quake struck at approximately 5:46 a.m. Japan Standard Time, catching many residents off guard as they were still asleep. The immediate impact was catastrophic, with entire neighborhoods flattened, and many buildings collapsing due to poor construction standards that had failed to adhere to seismic codes.Rescue and relief efforts were hampered by aftershocks and infrastructure damage, leading to difficulties in transportation and communication. Emergency services faced logistical challenges in mobilizing resources to aid the affected population. In the aftermath, the death toll was estimated between 5,502 and 6,434, with hundreds of thousands displaced from their homes. The disaster also resulted in severe economic repercussions, costing the region billions in damages and reconstruction needs. It highlighted vulnerabilities in urban planning and disaster preparedness in Japan, a country known for its advanced engineering and earthquake resilience, prompting a reevaluation of building codes and emergency response protocols.The experience of the Great Hanshin earthquake shaped public attitudes towards disaster management and preparedness in Japan. It catalyzed significant changes in the framework of disaster-response planning, leading to improved protocols and better community awareness regarding earthquake safety. Additionally, the reconstruction efforts were instrumental in revitalizing the local economy, resulting in more resilient urban infrastructure that could withstand future tremors.