In early 1941, the British launched a significant military operation against Italian forces in East Africa, which included territories like Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia. These territories had been under Italian control since Mussolini's aggressive campaigns beginning in 1935. The British counter-offensive was a key component of their strategy to weaken Axis positions in Africa and aimed to liberate Ethiopian territories and dislodge Italian colonial administration.

The operation involved a coordinated effort by British troops, including the Commonwealth forces and local Ethiopian fighters. This collaboration was fueled by the desire to end fascist occupation and restore autonomy to Ethiopia. Major General Henry Devereux and other commanders employed effective tactics utilizing local knowledge and guerrilla warfare strategies, which proved pivotal in disrupting Italian supply lines and communication.

As British forces advanced, they secured key locations, using their superior tactics and mobility. The counter-offensive not only aimed for military success but also sought to inspire Ethiopian nationalism and support for the Allied cause. This strategic military action culminated in the successful capture of strategic positions and a swing in the balance of power in the region, significantly impacting the larger theater of World War II.