In January 1920, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was established in New York City amidst a climate of fear and repression during the post-World War I Red Scare. This period was marked by widespread panic over communism and radicalism, leading to numerous civil rights violations fueled by government actions. The ACLU was founded primarily by a group of progressive activists, including Roger Nash Baldwin, who recognized the urgent need to protect constitutional rights against government overreach.

As the nation grappled with issues such as censorship of dissent, racial discrimination, and illegal detentions, the need for an organization dedicated to civil liberties became increasingly evident. The ACLU’s mission was clear: to safeguard and uphold the constitutional rights and freedoms guaranteed to every individual in the United States. The organization committed itself to various causes, including free speech, the right to due process, and equal protection under the law.

Over the decades, the ACLU has played a critical role in numerous landmark legal battles and has been at the forefront of social change, addressing a wide range of issues from racial equality to reproductive rights. Its influence extends beyond legal protections, as it has raised public awareness about civil liberties and has advocated for marginalized groups, ensuring that the values of democracy and justice remain at the forefront of national discourse.