Megaupload, founded by Kim Dotcom in 2005, was one of the largest file-sharing services globally, allowing users to upload and share files easily. On January 19, 2012, the FBI, in cooperation with law enforcement agencies from multiple countries, executed a coordinated raid to disable the website and arrested Dotcom at his mansion in New Zealand. The operation, known as 'Operation in Our Sites', targeted Megaupload due to allegations of widespread copyright infringement, with the website purportedly facilitating the illegal distribution of millions of dollars worth of movies, music, and software. This move drew significant media attention and controversy as supporters of Megaupload argued it provided a valuable service for sharing large files, while critics maintained it violated the rights of copyright holders. Following the shutdown, the U.S. government sought extradition of Dotcom, leading to a protracted legal battle in New Zealand.

The shutdown of Megaupload was notable not only for its impact on file-sharing but also for the debates it ignited concerning internet freedoms versus copyright enforcement. Many users mourned the loss of the service, leading to widespread protests online, including the blackout of numerous websites in support of internet freedom and opposition to proposed legislation like SOPA and PIPA aimed at regulating online content distribution. The event underscored the ongoing struggles between content owners and the evolving landscape of internet use, raising questions about privacy, data ownership, and the future of file-sharing technologies.