The First Fleet, a group of ships organized to transport convicts from Britain to Australia, arrived at Botany Bay. This voyage was part of a broader strategy to establish a penal colony and expand British influence in the Pacific region. The fleet, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, consisted of 11 ships carrying over 700 convicts, marines, and seamen. Upon arrival, the fleet found Botany Bay to be less hospitable than anticipated, with inconsistent freshwater supply and less fertile land. Phillip, recognizing these challenges, decided to scout for a better location for the colony. He and his officers explored the nearby waters and soon identified Port Jackson, which provided a more favorable harbor and access to resources essential for survival and growth.Phillip's decision to move the settlement to Port Jackson would lay the groundwork for the future city of Sydney. As the first permanent European settlement in Australia, it marked the beginning of significant changes in the continent's demographic and cultural landscape. The choice of Port Jackson not only addressed immediate logistical challenges but also opened avenues for trade and interaction with the Indigenous peoples in the region. The establishment of the colony would also set the stage for future expansion and the eventual colonization of the entire continent, which impacted the Indigenous populations and shaped Australia's modern identity.