In January 1991, the government of Sudan, led by President Omar al-Bashir, declared the imposition of Islamic law across the country. This significant policy shift sought to establish a uniform legal and moral framework through Sharia, the Islamic law, prioritizing Islamic principles in governance and public life. Such a move was viewed as a direct affront to the largely Christian and animist population in the southern regions, countering years of cultural and religious diversity in Sudan. The government had been engaged in a protracted civil war with the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and other factions, primarily fighting for the rights of southern Sudanese and against the perceived northern domination.As Islamic law took effect, cities like Khartoum saw increased tensions and protests erupt in southern areas. The laws encompassed various aspects, from dress codes to strict punishments for crimes, which were regarded as repressive by many in the south. Reactions from the international community were mixed, with humanitarian organizations expressing concern over the impact on human rights. Additionally, these developments further polarized the already divided nation, leading to heightened military encounters, displacement of populations, and an exacerbation of the humanitarian crisis that had been brewing for years. The government's decision demonstrated their intent to maintain control over the diverse population and solidified the church-state divide, significantly shaping the trajectory of the civil war.The implementation of Islamic law continued to fuel civil unrest in Sudan throughout the 1990s, solidifying a context of religious and ethnic tensions that would define the subsequent years of conflict. The SPLA intensified its efforts against the government, while various alliances among rebel groups formed in resistance to the centralized authority. Internally, the imposition of Sharia affected all levels of society, from laws governing personal conduct to disputes within families and communities. Over time, this policy would contribute to the call for self-determination and later independence for South Sudan, a culmination that would unfold in the years to come.