In January 2000, Ecuador witnessed a pivotal moment when indigenous organizations, frustrated by ongoing political and economic issues, mobilized to seize the Congress. This grassroots movement reflected long-standing grievances among indigenous people, stemming from issues such as poverty, inequality, and lack of representation. With the support of military personnel, including Colonel Lucio Gutiérrez and political leaders like Carlos Solorzano and Antonio Vargas, the movement succeeded in ousting President Jamil Mahuad from power. The action was characterized by demonstrations and a crackdown on dissent, highlighting the tensions between the government and marginalized communities.

After the coup, Gutiérrez assumed the presidency, aiming to establish stability and address the demands of the indigenous population. However, his tenure was short-lived, as General Carlos Mendoza replaced him shortly thereafter. Mendoza faced immense pressure and lengthy negotiations and ultimately resigned, paving the way for Vice-President Gustavo Noboa to succeed Mahuad. Noboa's ascension indicated a complex transition in Ecuador's political landscape, one that underscored the government’s tenuous grasp on power and the growing influence of social movements in the country.

The context of this event must be viewed against the backdrop of Ecuador's economic challenges, including the crisis of the late 1990s marked by bank failures and currency devaluation. As public discontent escalated, the indigenous organizations' bold actions illustrated the shift towards participating in politics that had previously marginalized them. This political upheaval not only changed leadership but also set the stage for future negotiations around indigenous rights and governmental accountability in Ecuadoran society.