Operation Shingle involved a strategic amphibious landing at Anzio and Nettuno, Italy, by Allied forces during World War II. The operation, planned in the winter of 1943, sought to establish a beachhead to outflank German positions in central Italy, particularly around the Gustav Line. The leadership of General John P. Lucas, head of the U.S. VI Corps, was critical to the execution of this operation. The Allies aimed to create a diversion that would alleviate pressure on the main Allied advance at Monte Cassino and ultimately lead to the capture of Rome.

The assault commenced on January 22, 1944, with roughly 36,000 troops disembarking on the beaches under the cover of darkness. Despite initial gains, the Allies encountered heavier-than-expected opposition from well-entrenched German forces led by General Heinrich von Vietinghoff. The initial phases of the operation were marked by confusion and difficulties in securing key objectives, but the Allies managed to establish a foothold.

As the days progressed, the Allies aimed to exploit their numerical superiority, yet the Germans quickly fortified their positions in response. The ensuing stalemate at Anzio developed into one of the largest battles fought in that theater, as both sides engaged in a fierce struggle for control. Major challenges included logistical difficulties and a complicated command structure, which resulted in slow progress. Over a period of months, this campaign at Anzio would define the battle for Italy, highlighting the complexities of coalition warfare and the difficulties of planning combined operations in hostile territory.