The First Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers, and Insurgents marked a significant moment in the struggle for autonomy among various social groups in post-revolutionary Ukraine. Led by the anarchist movement known as the Makhnovshchina, the congress took place in Velykomykhailivka, an important location for the movement that sought to represent the interests of the peasantry and the working class against both the Bolshevik and White Russian threats. Attendees included peasants, workers, and local insurgents, all driven by a desire for self-organization and independence from external authority.

During the congress, participants debated key issues including land redistribution, worker control of factories, and the formation of local councils or 'soviets' that would operate independently of the central government. It served as a platform where the voice of the agrarian and working populace could be articulated, highlighting demands for social justice, equality, and economic rights. The congress's discussions and decisions underscored the importance of grassroots movements during a period characterized by political upheaval. They laid the groundwork for further interactions among various revolutionary groups and influenced the regional political dynamics going forward.

The impact of this congress extended beyond mere dialogue; it was a pivotal moment that sought to encapsulate the aspirations of the populace during a period filled with uncertainty. The Makhnovshchina's commitment to anarchist principles and local self-management challenged prevailing notions of authority and governance, proposing an alternative vision based on collective decision-making and direct action. This congress also exemplified the continuing relevance of local governance structures, which resonated through subsequent waves of peasant and worker uprisings in Ukraine.