In 1857, the University of Calcutta was formally founded, breaking ground as the first fully-fledged university in South Asia. This establishment was a part of the broader trend of educational reform initiated during British colonial rule in India. The university was set up to provide higher education to Indian students, while promoting Western educational models alongside traditional Indian scholarship. The university's founding was significant, as it opened its doors to a diverse student body, including both men and women, and offered courses in various subjects such as arts, science, and law.

The university's establishment took place amidst a period of social and political change in India. Reformers sought to modernize education and encourage critical thinking among the populace, leading to a rise in awareness and engagement in socio-political issues. With its innovative approach, the University of Calcutta not only contributed to the intellectual growth of its students but also played a crucial role in the larger context of the Indian independence movement. Its first chancellor, Sir Ashley Eden, emphasized the importance of education in creating a more informed citizenry.

Over time, the University of Calcutta evolved, significantly influencing other institutions in the region and setting a precedent for higher education across South Asia. It birthed many renowned scholars and public figures who later contributed to the cultural, social, and political landscape of India. The university became a model for higher education in the Indian context, demonstrating the potential of blending Western educational practices with local needs and aspirations.