The Council of Trent was a significant ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convened in response to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation that began in the early 16th century. With the Reformation promoting doctrines that contradicted traditional Catholic teachings, the Council aimed to address the resulting crises of faith and authority. Beginning in 1545, the council meetings occurred in several phases in the city of Trent, in northern Italy. The fourth session in January 1564 specifically focused on a thorough examination and solidification of Catholic doctrine, which would be critical for the Church's response to Protestant reforms. During these deliberations, the distinction between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism was clarified through various decrees. Notably, the council provided a formalized definition of key elements of Catholic faith, such as the nature and number of sacraments, the role of tradition in addition to scripture, the importance of faith and works for salvation, and the practice of indulgences. This careful articulation not only aimed at delineating Catholic beliefs but also at countering misunderstandings about the Church's teachings. The session on January 26, 1564, was particularly pivotal as it drew connections between Catholic practices and the Church's doctrinal authority, clearly outlining how these contrasted with Protestant positions. The Council of Trent reaffirmed traditional sacramental theology and established a clear stance on various contested issues, ultimately solidifying the Catholic Church’s identity in contrast to Protestant views. The decrees passed during these meetings would lay the groundwork for modern Catholicism and solidify cohesion among its followers. The council's conclusions had a lasting influence, encouraging Catholic dogma while simultaneously influencing the course of the Protestant Reformation by clarifying the boundaries of faith and practice within Christianity.