In the early weeks of 1861, Louisiana's political climate was heavily influenced by the national discourse surrounding slavery and the election of Abraham Lincoln as president. At a convention held in Baton Rouge, delegates from across the state met to discuss the growing divide between the Northern and Southern states. Many Louisianans feared that Lincoln's administration would threaten the institution of slavery, which was central to the state's economy and social structure. Consequently, the state convention was marked by fervent debates, with pro-secessionist sentiments gaining significant traction among delegates. After considerable discourse, the convention passed a secession ordinance on January 26, leading Louisiana to become the sixth state to leave the Union.

The decision marked a pivotal moment in Louisiana’s history, reflecting the broader trend of Southern states seeking autonomy from perceived Northern aggression. The secession was not only a political maneuver but also a cultural declaration that underscored the state’s commitment to preserving its social systems. The move was quickly followed by the establishment of a Confederate government, as Louisiana joined the Confederate States of America just weeks after its secession. This shift would set the stage for Louisiana's involvement in the Civil War and shape the state's future within the post-war landscape.

As the secession took hold, Louisiana began its preparations for war, including mobilizing resources and troops to defend its new government. The secession would ultimately lead to significant consequences for the state, both in terms of military engagement and the social upheaval that would ensue during the Civil War. The turmoil that followed would deeply impact Louisiana's communities and would echo in the state's history for generations to come.