Governor John Albion Andrew, a prominent advocate for the rights of African Americans, sought to integrate men of African descent into the Union's military forces during the Civil War. By January 1863, the war had progressed into its second year, with heavy casualties and a pressing need for additional troops. Andrew's request to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton to raise a militia unit for Black men was rooted in his belief that African Americans could contribute significantly to the Union’s efforts. He had witnessed the courage and commitment of Black soldiers and aimed to combat the pervasive racism that limited their opportunities in a time of national crisis. The authorization granted by Stanton not only acknowledged their capabilities but represented a progressive acknowledgment of African Americans’ rights during the period. This resistance against the traditional military norms profoundly impacted the military structure and civil rights of the time.

Following this authorization, Andrew worked diligently to recruit Black men willing to fight for their freedom. In early 1863, this effort culminated in the formation of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, one of the first official African American regiments in the U.S. Armed Forces. The 54th would become renowned for its bravery during the assault on Fort Wagner in July 1863, which highlighted the valor and commitment of African American soldiers in the face of adversity. This moment represented a turning point, as it challenged existing prejudices and opened doors for both military service and subsequent rights advancements for African Americans across the nation and in future conflicts.