The National Resistance Army (NRA), led by Yoweri Museveni, seized power in Uganda after a protracted civil conflict that had seen multiple government changes and military coups. The civil war leading up to this event was marked by unrest and dissatisfaction towards the ruling governments, especially under the leadership of General Tito Okello, who had taken power after overthrowing the previous regime headed by Milton Obote. The NRA began its insurgency in 1980, rallying support from various sectors of society due to pervasive corruption and political repression prevalent during Okello’s tenure.

As Museveni's forces advanced towards the capital, Kampala, there was a surge of support from various segments of the Ugandan population, seeking a resolution to the instability that plagued the country. By strategically capturing critical locations and consolidating power, the NRA managed to dismantle Okello's military defenses. On January 26, Museveni's troops launched a final assault on Kampala, leading to the swift collapse of Okello's government. Museveni emerged as the new president, pledging to stabilize the country and address the grievances that had fueled the conflict.

Museveni’s ascension to power marked a significant shift in Ugandan politics, steering the nation towards a different governance model that emphasized economic reforms and national reconciliation. The event also opened the doors for Museveni's long-term leadership, resulting in a rule that would traverse multiple decades. The capture of power not only altered the political landscape of Uganda but also set the stage for regional dynamics within East Africa as the new government sought to redefine its foreign relations.