The Finnish Civil War emerged in the wake of Finland's declaration of independence from Russia. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, socialist and communist ideologies gained traction among the Finnish working class. The Red Guards, representing the workers, organized to fight for a socialist regime, while the Whites comprised conservative forces, including landowners, businessmen, and former Finnish Army officers, who wanted to preserve their way of life. As political tensions intensified, both factions began to stockpile arms and prepare for conflict. In late January 1918, the Red Guards initiated their offensive, which included an attempt to seize major urban centers such as Helsinki, where the White Guards were fully armed and ready to retaliate. The ensuing battles marked the official outbreak of the war, leading to widespread violence and chaos across the nation.

The conflict quickly escalated, with atrocities committed by both sides as they sought to control territories. The disruption of everyday life was profound, and many civilians were caught in the crossfire. Fighting raged across Finland with key battles such as the Battle of Tampere occurring later in March, showcasing the bloody contention between the factions. By May 1918, with support from Germany, the White Guards ultimately emerged victorious, leading to the establishment of a conservative government. The war's aftermath would shape Finnish society for decades, entrenching class divisions and political divides.