Trần Văn Hương, who served as Prime Minister of South Vietnam, was ousted by a military junta under the command of General Nguyễn Khánh. The event unfolded in the context of a series of coups and political upheaval that plagued South Vietnam during the early 1960s, particularly as the nation grappled with escalating violence from the Viet Cong and growing unrest among the populace. Hương had taken office in 1964 amidst efforts to stabilize the government and combat communist influence. However, his administration struggled to gain the support needed to effectively address the challenges facing South Vietnam.

As discontent grew within the military and political circles regarding Hương's handling of the situation, his removal was orchestrated by Nguyễn Khánh, who previously had his own term as a leader before falling out of favor. The change was part of a broader trend where military leaders would frequently oust civilian leaders in pursuit of control over the war effort and national policy. Following Hương's ousting, Nguyễn Khánh assumed power and enacted significant reforms to counter the communist threat, although his leadership also proved controversial.

This replacement showcased the instability endemic to South Vietnamese politics during the Vietnam War. It reflected deeper issues around governance, military influence, and the struggle for effective leadership in a country under siege. Hương's removal was a critical moment that continued to shape the political landscape of Vietnam as the war continued to escalate.