Following the Norman Conquest of England, Robert de Comines was appointed as the Earl of Northumbria by William the Conqueror, with the aim of stabilizing and controlling the region. Northumbria was marked by dissatisfaction and resistance against the new Norman lords, as many local inhabitants were deeply resentful of foreign rule. In January, Robert de Comines led his troops into Durham, intending to quell the unrest and impose Norman authority. However, upon his arrival, he found that his presence had provoked a hostile reaction from local English rebels, who viewed him as an invader.

The rebels, fueled by their opposition to the Norman occupation, launched a surprise attack against de Comines and his forces. The confrontation was brutal, and despite de Comines' rank and experience, he was unable to secure victory in the face of overwhelming local opposition. He was ultimately killed in the conflict, leading to a further escalation of violence in the region. Following this incident, William the Conqueror responded with a campaign known as the Harrying of the North, a punitive measure aimed at suppressing rebellion and establishing firm control over the north of England.

The Harrying involved extensive military actions, including the devastation of lands, destruction of crops, and aggressive tactics designed to instill fear. The brutal response not only aimed to punish the rebels but also served as a warning to others considering defiance against the Norman rule. This campaign significantly altered the social and political landscape of the North, leading to a period of hardship for the local population and a consolidation of Norman power in England.