The new national flag of Canada was formally adopted by an act of Parliament, marking a significant moment in the country’s journey toward national identity and independence. Before its introduction, Canada’s official flag featured the British Union Jack, which many Canadians believed did not adequately reflect their own national character. The debate leading to the flag's adoption began in the early 1960s, spurred by growing calls for a symbol that represented Canada as a unique and independent nation.

After extensive discussions and consultations, Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson championed the redesign of the national flag. Various designs were submitted, and public interest soared, leading to a national debate over what should represent Canada. An iconic design featuring a single stylized red maple leaf on a white background flanked by red vertical bands emerged as the standout choice. This design was intended to symbolize peace and unity, qualities deeply valued by Canadians. The selection of the flag was also tied to the centennial of Confederation, underscoring a moment of reflection on the nation’s past and aspirations for the future.

The new flag was unveiled during a ceremony on February 15, 1965, at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, with Prime Minister Pearson and thousands of Canadians present to witness this historic transformation. The ceremony was a day of national pride, celebrated as National Flag of Canada Day annually thereafter. The flag quickly became a potent symbol of Canadian identity, embodying the values of diversity and unity which define the country today, and establishing a clear national image distinct from its colonial past.