The Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266 in the Kingdom of Murcia represented a significant conflict between Muslim communities and Christian rulers in medieval Spain. The Mudéjars, Muslims who remained in Spain after the Reconquista, rose against the Crown of Castile due to their dissatisfaction with increasing oppression and taxation. With the siege beginning in early December 1265, King James I of Aragon intervened to quell the rebellion and assert his influence in the region. His forces surrounded Murcia, employing various military strategies and siege engines to cut off supplies and reinforcements, leading to considerable hardship for the city's defenders.

After a prolonged struggle lasting nearly a month, the conditions within Murcia became dire. Food shortages and the threat of violent conflict compelled the Mudéjar leaders to negotiate their surrender on January 31, 1266. The specifics of the agreement allowed for the remaining Mudéjar population to retain certain rights and properties, reflecting the complex interplay between religious tolerance and the consolidation of power by James I. The surrender of Murcia not only marked the end of the Mudéjar rebellion but also underscored the shifting allegiances within the Iberian Peninsula at this critical historical juncture.

The aftermath of the siege saw James I solidify his power in the region, establishing a Christian presence that would have lasting implications for the future of Murcia and its surrounding areas. The surrender and subsequent agreements reflected a pattern of negotiations between Christian rulers and Muslim populations, highlighting the multifaceted nature of coexistence in medieval Spain and setting the stage for subsequent conflicts and interactions in the centuries to come.