Pope Sylvester I was consecrated as the 33rd Pope of the Roman Catholic Church after the death of his predecessor, Pope Miltiades. Sylvester's ascension came at a pivotal moment in Christian history, reflecting the significant changes occurring within the Roman Empire, particularly after Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan in 313, which granted religious tolerance to Christians and allowed them to practice their faith openly. The transition of leadership from Miltiades to Sylvester symbolized a shift toward greater institutional stability within the church during a time of change.

Sylvester’s tenure as Pope lasted for approximately 21 years, positioning him during what can be seen as one of the most critical periods in the establishment of the Church's authority and the growth of Christianity in Europe. He is often credited with consolidating the church's teachings and governance, as well as promoting key doctrines that would shape early Christian beliefs. Sylvester's papacy also included the construction of certain basilicas in Rome, supporting the visibility and influence of the church in the heart of the empire.

The consecration of Pope Sylvester I marked the continuation of a leadership lineage established by Saint Peter, fostering a sense of unity and continuity within the Christian community. Under Sylvester's guidance, the Church played a vital role in the eventual alignment of civic and religious authority, further integrating the Christian faith into the fabric of Roman life and governance. His papacy laid the groundwork for future developments that would see the Pope recognized not just as a spiritual leader but also as a central figure in political matters.