In a groundbreaking move in educational reform, Maria Montessori established her pioneering institution, Casa dei Bambini, in the heart of Rome, Italy. Targeting working-class families, Montessori's school aimed to provide quality early education and daycare that previously remained inaccessible to them. This initiative was inspired by Montessori's observations of children in psychiatric settings, which honed her understanding of child development and learning processes. The school, designed to foster freedom and respect for each child's individuality, utilized specially crafted educational materials that encouraged self-directed exploration and discovery.

Montessori's methodology was innovative; it emphasized learning by doing rather than rote memorization, reflecting a deep understanding of how young children learn best. The curriculum encompassed practical life skills, sensory exercises, and early literacy and mathematics, providing a holistic approach to child development. The establishment of Casa dei Bambini attracted wide attention, leading to an increased interest in Montessori's methods, which were revolutionary at the time. Montessori believed that children were naturally eager for knowledge, and the environment should nurture this internal drive.

Over time, the success of Casa dei Bambini catalyzed the expansion of Montessori schools worldwide. The principles laid out in her first school became the foundation for the Montessori educational movement, which advocates for child-centered education designed to respect the natural growth and learning of children. Montessori's influence extended beyond the classroom, challenging societal views on education and the capabilities of working-class children, demonstrating that with the right environment and encouragement, all children can thrive.