The Jin–Song Wars culminated in the siege of Bianjing (modern Kaifeng) by Jurchen soldiers representing the Jin dynasty. The city, a flourishing capital of the Song dynasty, was besieged after a series of conflicts between the two dynasties over territorial disputes and political control. The Jurchens aimed to expand their influence and power in North China, using military might as a means of establishing dominance. With the city encircled, residents faced dire conditions as supplies dwindled and conflict escalated.

As the siege progressed, the court in Kaifeng struggled to mount an effective resistance. The decisive moment came when the Jurchens breached the city’s defenses, leading to widespread chaos and destruction. During the turmoil, Emperor Qinzong of Song was captured alongside numerous officials, marking a significant blow to the Song dynasty's authority and stability. This event marked a turning point in the Jin–Song Wars, as it not only demonstrated the military prowess of the Jin but also highlighted the vulnerabilities within the Song leadership.

The sacking of Kaifeng resulted in extensive looting, loss of life, and a shift in the balance of power in Northern China. As the Jin dynasty solidified its control over the conquered territory, the Song dynasty retreated southward, eventually leading to the establishment of the Southern Song dynasty. This transition had lasting effects on Chinese history, including the eventual rise of the Ming dynasty and the continued geopolitical struggles in the region.