In the early 1820s, Brazil was a kingdom united with Portugal under the reign of King João VI. However, the dynamic began to shift with the arrival of the king in Brazil. After fleeing Napoleon's forces in Europe, João VI established the court in Rio de Janeiro. This move cultivated a sense of Brazilian identity and autonomy, which was further intensified by the rising demands for self-governance. By 1821, João VI returned to Portugal, leaving his son, Pedro I, in charge of affairs in Brazil. Tensions mounted as the Portuguese government sought to reassert control over Brazil, imposing measures that curtailed independence aspirations.

On September 1, 1822, Pedro I made a momentous decision to defy his father’s instructions to return to Portugal and instead opted to remain in Brazil. This act of defiance was not merely a personal choice; it reflected growing nationalistic sentiments among the Brazilian populace who were yearning for sovereignty. The choice sparked momentum for Brazil's independence movement, encouraging other leaders and citizens to advocate for a break from colonial rule. Pedro's decision coincided with a period where local militias and political movements began forming, further complicating the relationship between the Brazilian territories and the Portuguese crown.

The events leading up to independence saw a combination of political maneuvers and grassroots activism. Pedro I's decision ultimately culminated in his declaration of independence on September 7, 1822, when he famously reportedly shouted, "Independência ou Morte!" (Independence or Death!). Although Pedro's stay was decisive, subsequent developments, such as military conflicts and diplomatic negotiations, played crucial roles in establishing Brazil as an independent nation. This moment on September 1, 1822, can be seen as a catalyst for a culminating series of events that would reshape the nation and its governance.