The Gallipoli Campaign, conducted from April 1915 to January 1916, was a critical military endeavor during World War I, aiming to secure a strategic advantage for the Allied Powers. The operation involved an Allied naval attack followed by a land invasion on the Gallipoli Peninsula, which was held by Ottoman forces. The plan was to capture Constantinople, now Istanbul, and open a new front in Eastern Europe, thereby alleviating pressure on the Eastern Front, particularly for Russia.

The campaign faced numerous issues, including poor planning, underestimation of the Ottoman defenses, and difficult terrain. Commanders such as General Sir Ian Hamilton for the British faced fierce resistance from Ottoman troops led by figures like Mustafa Kemal (later known as Atatürk). The Allies endured significant casualties and logistical hurdles, leading to a gradual reconsideration of the operation's viability.

By early January 1916, it became clear that the campaign was a failure, and the remaining Allied forces were evacuated. The Gallipoli Campaign is often remembered for its high casualty rates and its strategic ineffectiveness, but it also symbolized a pivotal moment in both Ottoman and Allied military history. The Ottoman victory at Gallipoli not only bolstered their morale but also allowed them to maintain control over the Dardanelles straits, crucial for maritime strategy in the region.