The First Battle of İnönü was a crucial skirmish in the Greco-Turkish War, which erupted in 1919 as a consequence of the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the ambitions of the newly established Republic of Turkey. Following the end of World War I, the Greek army sought to expand its territory into western Anatolia, claiming lands based on the presence of Greek populations. The conflict intensified in the early 1920s, and the Turkish forces, under the command of İsmet İnönü, found themselves in a critical position to defend their newly formed nation.

Taking place near Eskişehir, the battle unfolded in September 1921, with the Turkish forces largely outnumbered by the Greek armies. Despite this numerical disadvantage, the Turkish troops showcased resilience and tactical innovation. The battle was fought fiercely, with both sides suffering significant casualties. However, the outcome was pivotal; the Turkish victory reinforced the legitimacy of the national movement led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and bolstered the morale of the Turkish forces in subsequent engagements.

On the strategic front, the victory at İnönü halted the Greek advance and marked the beginning of a series of successful operations by the Turkish army. The battle showcased the determined spirit of Turkish resistance and highlighted the emerging identity of a nation reborn from the ashes of the Ottoman Empire. The First Battle of İnönü was more than just a military encounter; it was a defining moment in the consolidation of Turkish sovereignty and helped set the stage for the eventual Turkish Republic.