Following years of political struggle and colonial governance, Nigeria proclaimed its independence from the United Kingdom, officially marking the end of British colonial rule over the most populous African nation. The push for independence gained momentum during the post-World War II era, as nationalist sentiments surged across various movements within Nigeria. Notable figures like Nnamdi Azikiwe and Abubakar Tafawa Balewa emerged as leaders of this movement, advocating for self-governance and the end of British colonial exploitation. The constitutional reforms of the 1940s and 1950s set the stage for self-rule, leading to gradual reforms that established a parliamentary system reflective of Nigerian aspirations for autonomy.

The independence celebrations took place on the October 1, with Lagos as the focal point of jubilant events featuring colorful parades, cultural exhibitions, and ceremonial speeches. The new government laid emphasis on nationalism, as Azikiwe and Balewa highlighted Nigeria's diverse culture and the importance of unity in diversity. The nation's flag, symbolizing independence, was ceremonially hoisted, representing a moment of collective hope and aspirations for a brighter future. The newfound autonomy presented challenges and opportunities as Nigeria navigated its national identity and the governance of its multi-ethnic populace.

Independence heralded the emergence of Nigeria on the international stage, as it sought to establish diplomatic relations and international recognition. The nation’s leaders were geared towards addressing pressing domestic issues, including economic development, education, and infrastructure. With independence, Nigeria aimed to create a society based on democratic principles, although the subsequent decades would show the complexities involved in managing a diverse and populous nation, leading to potential conflicts and upheavals.