The transition of power from Helmut Schmidt to Helmut Kohl occurred through a constructive vote of no confidence, an unusual parliamentary procedure that permits a sitting government to be dismissed while simultaneously electing a new leader. This process was employed due to the growing dissatisfaction among the electorate and within the ruling coalition, primarily stemming from economic challenges and the handling of the NATO dual-track decision regarding nuclear weapons. The German Bundestag (parliament) enacted this vote after a series of contentious debates, and Kohl, leading the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), garnered enough support from coalition partners and opposition members to ensure his election as Chancellor.

Kohl's leadership ushered in a period characterized by economic reform and a shift towards a more unified Europe. His policies focused on promoting economic stability and reforming the welfare state, which resonated with the electorate and positioned him favorably against rising opposition. The constructive no-confidence vote represented a turning point in German politics, showcasing the dynamics of coalition governance and the interplay between differing political factions within the Bundestag. This transition was pivotal as it also laid the groundwork for Kohl's later influential role in the reunification of Germany.

The political environment in Germany during this period was volatile, with economic challenges, a rise in unemployment, and public discontent regarding Schmidt's governance. Schmidt's government had been marked by controversies, including handling inflation and energy crises. These issues culminated in diminishing support for Schmidt, prompting Kohl to capitalize on this environment. His successful maneuvering through the political landscape demonstrated both his expertise and the willingness of the CDU to take action against perceived governmental mismanagement. Once in power, Kohl focused on solidifying alliances within Europe, which was crucial for advancing Germany's position on the continent.