In the fall of 2016, Pedro Sánchez made a noteworthy decision to resign from his role as the leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). This resignation was precipitated by intense infighting within the party, alongside a broader context of political turmoil following the 2015 general elections. The PSOE had suffered significant electoral losses, leading to questions about the party's future direction and leadership role in Spain's political landscape. Internal dissent regarding Sánchez's leadership strategy and the party's approach to governance contributed significantly to the mounting pressure he faced.

Sánchez's resignation was not merely a personal decision but emblematic of larger systemic issues plaguing the PSOE at the time. Many party members were discontent with Sánchez's handling of various political challenges, including issues related to the economic crisis and the rise of right-wing populism in the country. Following his departure, a leadership crisis ensued within the party, prompting discussions about its future and the direction it would take in response to the electoral setbacks. Despite the turmoil, Sánchez did not fully withdraw from the political arena; he signaled intentions to remain actively involved in PSOE's internal matters, laying the groundwork for his eventual return to leadership a year later.