The Jin–Song wars transpired as a series of military conflicts between the Jin dynasty and the Song dynasty in China, reflecting deep-seated political and territorial disputes. By 1142, after years of fluctuating warfare, the two sides recognized the need for peace due to the exhaustion and depletion of resources caused by continuous conflicts. The negotiation for peace culminated in the city of Shanyuan, where representatives from both empires met to finalize terms that would define their relations going forward.

Key aspects of the treaty involved the Jin dynasty maintaining control over vast territories in the north while the Song dynasty retained its southern regions. The treaty was essential in delineating the boundaries, which had become contentious points of conflict. Furthermore, provisions were established to promote trade and cultural exchanges between the two nations, demonstrating a shift from hostility to cooperation. The emperors of both dynasties understood that collaboration was necessary for prosperity and stability in a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape.

The peace agreement allowed both dynasties to redirect their focus toward governance and economic stability. The Song dynasty, in particular, began to flourish economically, leading to a period recognized for significant advancements in technology, culture, and commerce. The cessation of conflict enabled artistic and intellectual developments that would profoundly shape the historical trajectory of China. Thus, the treaty marked not just the end of hostilities, but the dawn of a new era of interaction between the Jin and Song.