The inauguration of the Second Philippine Republic marked a significant event during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II. Following the fall of the Philippines in 1942, the Japanese imposed a new government structure to facilitate their control over the archipelago. José P. Laurel, a lawyer who had been previously influential in Philippine politics, was selected by the Japanese to serve as president. This new government was established as a puppet state, intended to legitimize Japanese authority and present a facade of independence to both the local population and the international community. The ceremony took place in the capital city of Manila, symbolizing the Japanese intentions to portray stability and governance under Laurel’s leadership.

The establishment of the Second Philippine Republic was marked by various policies that aligned more closely with Japanese interests rather than Philippine national sovereignty. This included economic adjustments and military cooperation that favored Japan. Despite these circumstances, Laurel attempted to promote Filipino nationalism through local governance initiatives, working to gain popular support and legitimacy during a tumultuous period. While some Filipinos hoped for a degree of self-determination, many viewed the republic as fundamentally limited by the overarching control of the Japanese military government.

The existence of the Second Philippine Republic would last until the liberation of the Philippines in 1945, a time characterized by increasing guerrilla resistance against Japanese forces and the complexities of collaboration with the occupying power. Laurel's presidency remains a contentious topic in Philippine historiography, representing a complex interplay of collaboration, autonomy, and resistance during a challenging era for the nation.