Notable Historical Dates On This Day October 15th

From world-changing moments to lesser-known milestones, history is happening all around us—every single day. Explore the key events that shaped the world on this very date, and uncover the fascinating stories that connect the past to today.

Politics & Government

Edgar the Ætheling Proclaimed King of England

October 15th, 1066 958 years ago

Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling was proclaimed King of England by the Witan. Despite this proclamation, he never received a formal coronation. Within two months, he conceded power to William the Conqueror, marking a pivotal shift in English governance and the beginning of Norman rule in England.

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Military & Warfare

Henry of Flanders Defeats Theodore I Laskaris

October 15th, 1211 813 years ago

In a decisive engagement, Henry of Flanders achieved a significant victory over Theodore I Laskaris near the Rhyndacus River. This battle marked a crucial confrontation between the Latin Empire and the Byzantine successor state of Nicaea. The conflict was rooted in the power struggles following the Fourth Crusade, as the Latin empire sought to consolidate its influence in the region. The defeat of Laskaris not only showcased Henry's military acumen but also further complicated the political landscape of Anatolia, where territorial ambitions clashed.

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Military & Warfare

Austria Defeats Ottoman Forces at Vienna

October 15th, 1529 495 years ago

The Siege of Vienna culminated in a significant victory for the Austrians as they successfully repelled the advancing Ottoman forces led by Sultan Suleiman I. This confrontation took place as part of the Ottomans' broader ambition to expand their empire into Europe. The remarkable resilience of the Austrians under siege, bolstered by their strategic defenses, ultimately led to a routing of the Ottoman troops, marking a turning point in the struggle for control in Central Europe.

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Science & Technology

Start of Gregorian Calendar Adoption

October 15th, 1582 442 years ago

Pope Gregory XIII introduced the Gregorian calendar to reform the Julian calendar, aiming to align the calendar year with the solar year and correct inaccuracies in date-keeping. The reform eliminated ten days, skipping from October 4 directly to October 15, 1582, and established a new leap year system. Initially adopted by Catholic countries, it gradually spread to Protestant regions, marking a significant shift in timekeeping.

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Military & Warfare

Qing Forces Capture Zhoushan Island

October 15th, 1651 373 years ago

Zhu Yihai, the Prince of Lu and regent of the Southern Ming, was forced to flee when Qing forces successfully captured Zhoushan Island. The capture marked a significant military gain for the Qing Dynasty as they consolidated control over coastal regions. Zhu Yihai sought refuge in Kinmen, a strategy indicative of the ongoing struggle between the Qing and the remaining Ming loyalists amid the broader context of the dynastic transition. The loss of Zhoushan represented both a tactical and symbolic blow to the Southern Ming authority.

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Military & Warfare

Patriot Victory at Raft Swamp

October 15th, 1781 243 years ago

The Battle of Raft Swamp marked a decisive engagement in the American Revolutionary War, taking place just days before the British surrender at Yorktown. Patriot forces, led by Major General Nathaniel Greene, faced off against British loyalists in North Carolina. This confrontation was crucial as it solidified the weakening grip of British troops in the southern colonies. The battle resulted in a notable victory for the Patriots, bolstering morale among the American forces and demonstrating their ability to challenge loyalist strength effectively.

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Exploration & Discovery

First Human Ascent in a Hot Air Balloon

October 15th, 1783 241 years ago

Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier became the first human to ascend in a hot air balloon, piloted by a craft developed by the Montgolfier brothers. This pivotal flight occurred in the skies above France, marking a significant milestone in aviation history. The balloon, filled with heated air, lifted off from the center of Versailles, ascending to an altitude of approximately 3,200 feet. The success of Pilâtre's flight not only showcased the viability of human flight but also marked the beginning of a new era in exploration.

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Politics & Government

Marie Antoinette Convicted of Treason

October 15th, 1793 231 years ago

Marie Antoinette, the former Queen of France, was tried for treason by the Revolutionary Tribunal. Following a swift and controversial trial, she was accused of high treason against the French Republic. The trial was marked by a lack of defense and due process, leading to her conviction. The verdict was reached in a highly charged atmosphere, reflecting the political tensions of the time, culminating in her execution shortly thereafter.

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Politics & Government

Napoleon's Exile to Saint Helena Begins

October 15th, 1815 209 years ago

Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to Saint Helena, a remote island in the South Atlantic Ocean, after his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. The British government decided on this location due to its isolation and difficulty of access, making escape virtually impossible for the former French Emperor. Napoleon arrived on the British ship HMS Northumberland, marking the start of his final six years in exile. While on the island, he lived in a house called Longwood, where he continued to be a figure of interest and intrigue.

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Military & Warfare

Union Garrison in Glasgow Surrenders

October 15th, 1864 160 years ago

On October 15, 1864, Confederate forces successfully captured the Union garrison at Glasgow, Missouri. The event unfolded when Confederate General Joseph O. Shelby led his troops in a surprise attack against the Union-held position. The garrison, defended by Union soldiers, was forced to surrender without significant resistance. This marked a strategic victory for Confederate forces in the region, emphasizing the ongoing military tensions between the Union and Confederacy in the western theater of the American Civil War.

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Science & Technology

Edison Electric Light Company Begins Operation

October 15th, 1878 146 years ago

The Edison Electric Light Company launched with the mission of providing electric lighting solutions to the public. Founded by Thomas Edison, the company set out to revolutionize urban lighting methods by developing more efficient and practical electric lamps. The headquarters was situated in New York City, and the company's innovative efforts were aimed at addressing the issues of inadequate gas lighting prevalent in urban areas. Thus, it marked a significant shift toward electrification that would shape modern society.

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Crime & Law

Jack the Ripper's Infamous 'From Hell' Letter

October 15th, 1888 136 years ago

The 'From Hell' letter, allegedly written by Jack the Ripper, was received by the Whitechapel murder investigation team on October 15, 1888. This letter not only taunted the police but also included a piece of human kidney, purportedly from one of the Ripper's victims. The gruesome nature of the letter shocked investigators and the public, intensifying the fears surrounding the Ripper's identity. The police believed this correspondence offered critical insights into the mind of the killer, heightening interest in the case overall.

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Transportation & Infrastructure

Airship America Launches for Atlantic Crossing

October 15th, 1910 114 years ago

Airship America, a dirigible designed for transatlantic flight, was launched from New Jersey, embarking on a historic journey aiming to demonstrate the potential of powered aircraft in crossing vast oceans. This innovative airship was designed by prominent aeronautical engineer Thomas S. Baldwin, who led the project to explore the feasibility of air travel over long distances. With its crew of skilled aviators, America intended to establish a new era in aviation by attempting the ambitious journey across the Atlantic Ocean.

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Economics & Industry

Introduction of the Rentenmark in Germany

October 15th, 1923 101 years ago

To combat severe hyperinflation, the Weimar Republic introduced the Rentenmark as a new currency. This decision aimed to stabilize prices and restore public confidence in the economy. The Rentenmark was backed by land and industrial assets, contrasting sharply with the previous, rapidly devaluing Papiermark. This innovative approach helped to halt the hyperinflation crisis that plagued Germany, providing a new economic foundation for the struggling nation.

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Transportation & Infrastructure

Graf Zeppelin's Historic Trans-Atlantic Voyage

October 15th, 1928 96 years ago

The airship Graf Zeppelin completed its first trans-Atlantic flight, landing in Lakehurst, New Jersey, marking a significant achievement in aerial travel. The flight departed from Friedrichshafen, Germany, and showcased the potential of airship travel for long distances. This journey was both a scientific and logistical endeavor that captured public imagination and demonstrated advancements in aeronautical engineering. The Graf Zeppelin's landing was met with enthusiasm, underscoring its role in heralding a new era of aerial exploration.

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Transportation & Infrastructure

Tata Airlines launches first flight

October 15th, 1932 92 years ago

Tata Airlines, later known as Air India, conducted its inaugural flight, marking a significant advancement in India's civil aviation sector. The flight, from Karachi to Mumbai, was conducted using a single-engine de Havilland Puss Moth aircraft, showcasing Tata's commitment to connecting major cities across India. With its launch, Tata Airlines aimed to improve air travel for both cargo and passenger services, setting the stage for the future of aviation in the country.

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Transportation & Infrastructure

Dedication of New York Municipal Airport

October 15th, 1939 85 years ago

The New York Municipal Airport, later known as LaGuardia Airport, was dedicated on October 15, 1939. Located in East Elmhurst, Queens, the airport was named after New York City Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia. The dedication ceremony featured speeches from notable figures and marked the airport's official opening as a major hub for air travel, underscoring the growing importance of aviation in America.

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Politics & Government

Execution of President Lluís Companys

October 15th, 1940 84 years ago

Lluís Companys, President of Catalonia, was executed by the Francoist regime after being captured in France. His trial was held in secret, and he was accused of rebellion against the state. Companys had previously served as a notable political figure who championed Catalan autonomy, leading to his eventual persecution. His death marked a significant moment in the struggle for Catalan identity under Franco's dictatorship.

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Politics & Government

Germany Ousts Hungarian Government Post Armistice

October 15th, 1944 80 years ago

In October 1944, Germany intervened in Hungary following the country's announcement of an armistice with the Soviet Union. This action was a strategic move by the Germans to maintain control over Hungary and prevent Soviet advances. Amid shifting allegiances, Germany installed a puppet government loyal to Berlin. The political upheaval led to intense conflict in the region, as various factions vied for power while the war intensified across Europe.

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Health & Medicine

Luis E. Miramontes Synthesizes Norethisterone

October 15th, 1951 73 years ago

Luis E. Miramontes successfully synthesizes norethisterone, a key hormone for the development of oral contraceptives. This groundbreaking achievement occurs at the National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico City. Miramontes, a talented chemist, conducts his research in the post-World War II era, when there is a growing interest in reproductive health and family planning. His work lays the foundation for future advancements in contraceptive technology, significantly impacting women's health and autonomy.

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Natural Disasters

Hurricane Hazel Strikes Eastern Seaboard

October 15th, 1954 70 years ago

Hurricane Hazel wreaked havoc on the eastern seaboard of North America, bringing heavy winds and devastating floodwaters. Originating in the Caribbean, the storm intensified as it approached landfall, with severe impacts felt in cities like New York and even reaching as far as Toronto, Canada. Flash floods claimed the lives of 95 people, while widespread destruction to infrastructure and homes led to substantial economic losses. Emergency services struggled to respond, caught off-guard by the storm’s severity.

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Technology & Innovation

FORTRAN's Introduction to Programmers Worldwide

October 15th, 1956 68 years ago

FORTRAN, the first high-level programming language, was unveiled to the coding community in October 1956. Developed by IBM, it allowed programmers to write instructions that could be understood by computers, significantly simplifying coding tasks. This new language was explicitly created for scientific and engineering applications, thereby addressing the growing need for efficient computation in those fields. The release marked a pivotal shift from machine-level languages to more user-friendly programming tools, opening doors for complex calculations.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

First Arrest Under New Anti-War Law

October 15th, 1965 59 years ago

During an anti-war rally, activists from the Catholic Worker Movement burned their draft cards in protest against the Vietnam War. This bold act of defiance was significant as it resulted in the first arrest under a recently enacted law aimed at deterring such actions. The rally took place in New York City, emphasizing increasing discontent and opposition to the war.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

Founding of the Black Panther Party

October 15th, 1966 58 years ago

Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California, with the aim of addressing systemic inequalities, advocating for civil rights, and promoting self-defense among African Americans. The organization emerged in response to issues of police brutality, racial injustice, and the struggles faced by the Black community during a time of significant national upheaval. Focused on community programs, legal rights, and armed patrols, the party gained widespread attention and support for its initiatives.

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Accidents & Tragedies

Fatal Collapse During West Gate Bridge Construction

October 15th, 1970 54 years ago

While constructing the West Gate Bridge in Melbourne, a tragic incident occurred when a span of the bridge collapsed, resulting in the deaths of 35 workers. The collapse took place during a routine operation, catching many of the construction crew off guard. Rescue efforts were immediately launched, but many lives were lost due to the suddenness of the event and the scale of the collapse. This incident is recognized as the deadliest industrial accident in Australian history, profoundly affecting the construction industry and safety regulations thereafter.

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Politics & Government

Malta Labour Party Supporters Attack Media Building

October 15th, 1979 45 years ago

Supporters of the Malta Labour Party took to the streets in a violent display, targeting the Times of Malta building and places linked to the Nationalist Party. This incident, marked by vandalism and destruction, reflected the deep political divisions within Maltese society at that time. The altercation was fueled by longstanding tensions related to media coverage and perceived biases, leading to a chaotic scene that underscored the intense dissatisfaction of Labour supporters with the Nationalist administration.

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Politics & Government

Overthrow of President Carlos Humberto Romero

October 15th, 1979 45 years ago

A coup d'état successfully ousted President Carlos Humberto Romero of El Salvador, leading to significant upheaval and the onset of the Salvadoran Civil War. The coup was primarily orchestrated by a coalition of military and guerrilla forces dissatisfied with Romero's authoritarian regime and the increasing violence against political dissent. It marked the beginning of a protracted conflict that would engulf the nation for over a decade, severely impacting its social and economic structures.

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Accidents & Tragedies

Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 460 Crash

October 15th, 1987 37 years ago

Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 460 tragically crashed near Conca di Crezzo, Italy, resulting in the loss of all 37 individuals on board. The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, was en route from Milan to Brussels when it encountered severe weather conditions. The crew attempted to navigate through the storm but lost control, leading to the crash in the mountainous region. Recovery efforts commenced immediately, and investigations began to determine the cause of the accident.

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Politics & Government

Thomas Sankara Overthrown and Assassinated

October 15th, 1987 37 years ago

Thomas Sankara, the President of Burkina Faso, was overthrown and killed in a coup d'état led by his former colleague Blaise Compaoré. The coup took place in Ouagadougou, where military forces loyal to Compaoré stormed the presidential residence, resulting in Sankara's assassination. The motives behind the coup included political differences and the desire for power, as Sankara had promoted radical reforms and anti-colonial policies that sometimes alienated his former allies. This pivotal event marked a significant shift in Burkina Faso's political landscape.

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Sports & Recreation

Gretzky Becomes NHL's All-Time Points Leader

October 15th, 1989 35 years ago

Wayne Gretzky surpassed Gordie Howe to become the all-time leading points scorer in NHL history during a game against the Los Angeles Kings. This achievement solidified Gretzky's status as one of the greatest hockey players of all time. Playing in front of a home crowd at the Great Western Forum in Inglewood, California, he scored the record-breaking point with an assist during a goal. This moment captivated fans and marked a significant milestone in his illustrious career.

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Politics & Government

Mikhail Gorbachev Receives Nobel Peace Prize

October 15th, 1990 34 years ago

Mikhail Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his significant efforts in reducing Cold War tensions and implementing transformative reform policies. His leadership marked a pivotal change in Soviet foreign policy, emphasizing diplomacy and openness. The award acknowledged his role in promoting peace and cooperation, particularly through arms reduction initiatives and fostering a better relationship with Western nations. This recognition came during a time of great change in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, contributing to the eventual end of the Cold War.

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Politics & Government

Baltic Leaders Sign OSCE Final Act in Helsinki

October 15th, 1991 33 years ago

Arnold Rüütel of Estonia, Anatolijs Gorbunovs of Latvia, and Vytautas Landsbergis of Lithuania gathered in Helsinki, Finland to sign the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Final Act. This significant agreement marked a commitment to fostering peace, stability, and cooperation in the Baltic region following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The signing served as a symbol of the expanding cooperative security framework in Europe, greatly influencing the post-Cold War landscape.

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Science & Technology

Discovery of the 'Oh-My-God' Particle

October 15th, 1991 33 years ago

An ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, named the 'Oh-My-God' particle, was detected at the University of Utah's HiRes observatory. It carried energy equivalent to 40 million times that of the most powerful proton accelerators of the time. This unprecedented level of energy raised questions about the cosmic processes generating such high-energy particles and provided insights into particle physics and astrophysical phenomena.

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Politics & Government

U.S. Restores Aristide as Haiti's President

October 15th, 1994 30 years ago

The United States successfully returned Jean-Bertrand Aristide, Haiti's first democratically elected president, to office after a three-year exile. This significant political event was part of a broader U.S.-led intervention aimed at restoring democracy in Haiti. Aristide's return marked a crucial point in the nation's history, emphasizing the U.S. commitment to democratic processes and stability in the Caribbean region.

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Space Exploration

Cassini Probe Embarks on Journey to Saturn

October 15th, 1997 27 years ago

The Cassini probe launched from Cape Canaveral to explore Saturn's system. Built through a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Italian Space Agency, it was designed to study Saturn, its rings, and its moons over a four-year primary mission. After a series of gravity assists from Venus, Earth, and Jupiter, Cassini would ultimately enter orbit around Saturn, providing unprecedented data about the planet and its environment.

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Space Exploration

Galileo Spacecraft Encounters Io Closely

October 15th, 2001 23 years ago

NASA's Galileo spacecraft made a significant close encounter with Jupiter's moon Io, passing within just 112 miles (180 km) of its surface. This flyby aimed to gather detailed data on Io's volcanic activity and surface composition. The mission allowed scientists to investigate the moon's unique geology, driven by intense tidal heating from gravitational interactions with Jupiter and other Galilean moons. Such proximity provided unprecedented opportunities to study Io's volcanic plumes and surface features directly.

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Space Exploration

China's First Crewed Space Mission

October 15th, 2003 21 years ago

Shenzhou 5, carrying astronaut Yang Liwei, launched successfully, marking China’s entry into human space flight. The mission lasted 21 hours and orbited the Earth 14 times. Yang Liwei became the first Chinese national in space, fulfilling a significant national objective to establish a presence in space exploration. The launch was a culmination of years of technological development and ambition in the Chinese space program.

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Natural Disasters

Kiholo Bay Earthquake Strikes Hawaii

October 15th, 2006 18 years ago

A 6.7 magnitude earthquake shook Kiholo Bay, Hawaii, causing significant property damage, numerous injuries, and landslides. Land conditions worsened with power outages reported across the region, and the Honolulu International Airport faced temporary closure due to safety inspections and damaged infrastructure. Emergency services were activated to respond to the escalating needs of affected residents.

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Politics & Government

New Zealand's First Post-9/11 Anti-Terrorism Raids

October 15th, 2007 17 years ago

Seventeen activists in New Zealand were arrested during coordinated anti-terrorism raids, marking a significant moment in the country's law enforcement history. The raids were executed by police in various locations across New Zealand, targeting individuals suspected of being involved in militant training and planning violent acts. These arrests were part of a broader investigation into a group suspected of organizing around issues such as Maori sovereignty and anti-globalization. The event raised questions about civil liberties and the reach of anti-terrorism laws.

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Economics & Industry

Historic Drop in Dow Jones Industrial Average

October 15th, 2008 16 years ago

The Dow Jones Industrial Average experienced a significant drop, closing down 733.08 points or 7.87%, marking the second worst percentage drop in its history. This alarming decline reflected growing fears among investors about the ongoing financial crisis. Confidence in the market was severely shaken, leading to widespread sell-offs and panic. The decline occurred amidst a turbulent backdrop of economic instability, as major financial institutions faced unprecedented challenges.

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Natural Disasters

Devastating Bohol Earthquake Rocks the Philippines

October 15th, 2013 11 years ago

A powerful 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck the Philippines, centered on the island of Bohol. This seismic disaster resulted in at least 215 reported fatalities, widespread destruction, and injuries to thousands. The earthquake’s depths were measured at around 12 kilometers, with significant aftershocks following the main event. Communities faced extensive damage to infrastructure, including historic churches, homes, and roads, highlighting Bohol's vulnerability to natural disasters. Emergency responses were initiated swiftly, as rescue teams worked to reach affected areas and assess the scale of the devastation.

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Politics & Government

Global Agreement to Reduce Hydrofluorocarbons

October 15th, 2016 8 years ago

In October 2016, representatives from 197 nations gathered in Kigali, Rwanda, to amend the Montreal Protocol with a historic agreement targeting hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). The decision was driven by the need to combat climate change, as HFCs are potent greenhouse gases used primarily in refrigeration and air conditioning. This accord set forth a timetable for phasing out HFCs, ensuring strong international cooperation in pursuing climate goals. The deal marked a significant milestone in protecting the Earth’s atmosphere.

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Crime & Law

Jayme Closs Kidnapped After Parents Murdered

October 15th, 2018 6 years ago

Jayme Closs, a 13-year-old from Barron, Wisconsin, was abducted from her home after her parents, Denise and James Closs, were tragically murdered. The incident garnered significant media attention, drawing a nationwide search effort for Jayme. Law enforcement agencies worked tirelessly to piece together evidence from the crime scene, while the local community rallied to support the family and spread awareness of Jayme's disappearance. As days turned into weeks, the search emphasized the importance of community involvement in such cases, leading to a heightened awareness around child safety.

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