Shenzhou 5 was China's first crewed spaceflight, representing a pivotal achievement in its ambitious space exploration program. Launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, the mission was significant for demonstrating China’s advancing space technology and commitment to becoming a major player in space exploration alongside the United States and Russia. The spacecraft successfully lifted off on a Long March 2F rocket and carried astronaut Yang Liwei. The mission highlighted China's technological advancements, enabling it to successfully develop its own crewed spacecraft and operate autonomously in orbit.

During the mission, Yang Liwei performed a series of tasks, and the spacecraft orbited the Earth 14 times in about 21 hours. Yang's flight was significant not just for technological reasons but also as a source of national pride for China, marking the successful culmination of extensive efforts in developing space capabilities. Upon his landing, Yang became an icon of Chinese bravery and skill, receiving a hero's welcome, which celebrated the accomplishments of the Chinese space program at home and abroad.

The launch reinforced China’s aspirations in space and set the stage for subsequent missions, including lunar exploration and potential Mars missions. Following Shenzhou 5, China continued to expand its capabilities with Shenzhou 6 and 7, and eventually constructed its own space station. It represented a shift in global space dynamics, as more nations gained the capability to launch human spaceflights.