The Rodney riots began as a reaction to the Jamaican government's decision to deny entry to Walter Rodney, an influential figure known for his strong anti-colonial views and advocacy for the working class. Rodney, a member of the People's National Party, had gained substantial support among youth and the disenfranchised. His exclusion was perceived not merely as a personal affront but as part of a broader pattern of political repression aimed at silencing dissent. The government, led by Prime Minister Hugh Shearer, justified its actions by claiming that Rodney's return would threaten public order and national security.

As news of his barring spread, protests erupted on the streets of Kingston, primarily among young people and students who rallied to demonstrate against the government's actions. Large crowds gathered, and the demonstration quickly escalated into widespread riots, with confrontations between protesters and the police leading to violence and property damage. The unrest encapsulated the frustrations of many Jamaicans who felt marginalized and oppressed by the ruling class and the ongoing economic hardships facing the island.

The aftermath of the riots was significant for Jamaica's political climate. It brought to light the increasing tensions between the government and opposition groups. Walter Rodney's popularity soared, and he became a symbol of resistance against colonial legacies and social inequities, leading to heightened political activism. The government responded to the riots with increased security measures, leading to further clashes and protests across the country, thereby laying the groundwork for subsequent political upheaval in Jamaica during the 1970s.