Wu Zetian, originally a concubine of Emperor Gaozong, rose to unprecedented power in a male-dominated era. As the reigning Empress, she skillfully navigated court politics and overcame obstacles to establish herself as a formidable leader. After her husband's death, she effectively ruled in his stead, demonstrating her political acumen by consolidating power. On this day, she formalized her rule by proclaiming herself Emperor, adopting the regnal name 'Emperor Wu'. Her ascension marked the first time a woman took the title of emperor in China, an act that both shocked and inspired many in the empire.

In her proclamation, Wu Zetian emphasized her commitment to restoring order and promoting meritocracy within the government. She implemented reforms that encouraged the rise of talented individuals based on merit rather than aristocratic lineage, fostering a more capable bureaucracy. Her reign also saw advancements in various fields, including literature and Buddhism. Moreover, Wu’s ascension led to the establishment of the ‘Zhou Dynasty’, though it was essentially a continuation of the Tang; this maneuver highlighted her desire to legitimize her rule and distinguish her reign.

Moreover, Wu Zetian's rule was marked by political intrigue and power struggles, as she dealt with factions within the court dissenting her rule. Despite the adversities, her reign is noted for unprecedented advancements in women's roles and efforts to expand the influence of Buddhism as a state religion. Thus, her ascension was not only significant for its historical rarity but also for its lasting influence on Chinese governance and gender roles in society.