Abd ar-Rahman III became the Emir of Córdoba after being proclaimed on this significant day. His ascendency came during a tumultuous period, where the Umayyad Caliphate, founded by his forebears, faced challenges from both internal factions and external enemies. His grandfather, Abd ar-Rahman II, had laid the groundwork for a thriving emirate, but it was under Abd ar-Rahman III's vision and leadership that Córdoba would truly flourish. He inherited a complex political landscape characterized by division and rivalry among local factions and threats from surrounding Christian kingdoms.

Upon his declaration, Abd ar-Rahman III set about restoring stability and consolidating power within the emirate. He worked diligently to strengthen the central authority of Córdoba by eliminating opposition and fostering alliances. His reign heralded an era of cultural and economic prosperity, evident in the advancements in architecture, scholarship, and the arts. The city's cultural vibrancy was further enhanced by its status as a melting pot of various cultures, languages, and religions, creating an environment ripe for innovation.

Throughout his rule, Abd ar-Rahman III was also known for his diplomatic acumen. He skillfully navigated the complex relationships with neighboring Christian kingdoms, often using marriage alliances and treaties to secure peace while maintaining Córdoba’s influence. His desire to be recognized as a caliph led to the expansion of his ambitions beyond the traditional role of an emir, eventually declaring himself Caliph in 929, transforming the political landscape of the Iberian Peninsula and expanding the reach of Islamic culture into Europe.