The Second Battle of Kosovo was a pivotal military encounter between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary, occurring in the Kosovo region. The backdrop to this conflict was the growing threat of Ottoman expansion into Southeast Europe, which had already strained relations with Hungary. In the face of this encroachment, the Hungarian commander John Hunyadi assembled an army with the aim of repelling the Ottomans. In 1448, Hunyadi sought to intervene and challenge the Ottoman supremacy in the Balkans following previous confrontations. Sultan Murad II, keen on ensuring Ottoman dominance, prepared his forces for the impending hostilities.

The battle commenced with both sides displaying formidable military might. Hunyadi's army was well-organized, benefiting from local knowledge and a commitment to protect Hungarian lands. However, the Ottomans, armed with innovative battlefield strategies and a larger troop presence, gained the upper hand. Sultan Murad II's forces executed strategic flanking maneuvers that left Hunyadi’s troops vulnerable, leading to a decisive Ottoman victory. The engagement saw significant casualties on both sides, profoundly impacting the Hungarian forces and their capacity to challenge Ottoman dominance in future conflicts.

The aftermath of the battle saw the consolidation of Ottoman control in the region, as they continued their campaign of territorial expansion. For Hungary, the defeat marked a setback in its efforts to resist Ottoman advances, inspiring future military leaders and shaping the Hungarian resistance strategies in subsequent decades. The clash at Kosovo not only underscored the military prowess of the Ottomans but also altered the geopolitical landscape of Southeast Europe, indicating a shift in power dynamics leading into the late 15th century.