The signing of the Joint Declaration between the Soviet Union and Japan represented a pivotal moment in the reshaping of post-World War II geopolitics in East Asia. Following the end of the war, relations between Japan and the Soviet Union had been complex and strained, primarily due to territorial disputes and the effects of the broader Cold War. The state of war had officially existed since Japan's surrender in August 1945, which coincided with the rapid expansion of Soviet influence in the region. In the 1950s, this tension began to evolve as both nations recognized the need for improved relations.

Japanese Prime Minister Ichiro Hatoyama's visit to Moscow in October 1956 was a significant diplomatic effort that aimed to thaw relations with the Soviet Union. During this visit, the Joint Declaration was signed, which included commitments to peacefully resolve outstanding disputes, particularly over the Kuril Islands. This declaration not only aimed to restore diplomatic ties but also marked a broader engaging approach that both nations sought in the era of increasing geopolitical tension. The declaration further encouraged discussions about reparations and economic cooperation between the two countries, opening new avenues for dialogue and potential partnerships.

The event was indicative of a larger trend in global politics during this period, where former adversaries sought to redefine their relationships in the wake of the war. The successful signing of the declaration helped pave the way for subsequent diplomatic initiatives, including various treaties and discussions focused on enhancing mutual cooperation, economic exchange, and addressing historical grievances.